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</div></div></header></div></body></html>";s:4:"text";s:39542:"                 During a posting in Stockholm in the early 1950s, her husbands cover was as a Foreign Service officer.  During and after her husbands tenure as director, she was regarded inside the agency as a charismatic advocate for CIA families. In 1945, he commanded a squad of saboteurs who blew up German rail lines in the snows of northern Norway. Among those interviewed in the film are former National Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft,    the journalists Seymour Hersh (who broke the My Lai story) and Bob Woodward,    and former Defense Secretaries Robert Gates and Donald Rumsfeld.  Mrs. Colby found herself a beneficiary of that legislation when she and her husband, who had supported the campaign on behalf of the ex-spouses, were divorced. Over the next several years, they traveled the world. He felt it crucial to educate Congress, the press and the public about the agency. Senior agency officers called him a traitor. That assignment led to one in which he parachuted behind enemy lines in Norway to blow up a Nazi rail line. in a Time of Upheaval, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/07/us/william-e-colby-76-head-of-cia-in-a-time-of-upheaval.html. Colby to Leonid Brezhnev, On walking alone, unfollowed, through Red Square in 1989, after the end of the Cold War: "That was my victory parade.                 | Credits  in politics in 1940 after completing a 196-page long senior thesis titled "Surrender -- French Policy toward the Spanish Civil War. Connect with the definitive source for global and local news. She writes about extraordinary lives in national and international affairs, science and the arts, sports, culture, and beyond. Carl said he didn't interview his siblings because he views the film as his memoir, not a biography. Ive come to think that Colby gave me so much of his time because it gave him a chance to be back in the game, if only for a morning. '", Tulsa Race Massacre survivors, 108 and 102, given Ghana citizenship at embassy event, Eli Lilly is capping consumer insulin costs at $35 for all, Biden set for first veto on Senate bill opposing climate-friendly investing, Police, fire crews investigate suspicious object at Conn College, Two Palestinians arrested in Connecticut mans killing in West Bank; third shot dead, November 26, 2011 11:00 pm Mrs. Colby jumped into the job of the junior diplomats wife with her typical enthusiasm and charm, William Colby wrote in his 1978 memoir Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA, crediting her also with maintaining a normal family life. William Colby, a former directorof the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, was alone at his weekendhouse across from Cobb Island, Maryland, 60 miles south of Washington,D.C.  Call it whatever you like. But Colby was fired on Nov. 2, 1975, as head of the CIA after being accused of talking too much. "This was a shocker," Mr. Colby recounted in his 1978 memoir, "Honorable Men" (Simon & Schuster). Seated in a Washington movie theater in October, she flipped open a notepad and, as the movie played, jotted down her thoughts.          And the movie was made by someone she rarely ever speaks to. The CIA's 10th director was best known for revealing the "family jewels" - a compilation of the agency's assassination attempts, drug testing on unwitting humans and eavesdropping on war protesters. Earlier this year, when Paul was shown the film, he told Carl that it would be "unethical" to keep it as is. In 1975, after many years of involvement, South Vietnam fell to Communist forces in April 1975, a particularly difficult blow for Colby, who had dedicated so much of his life and career to the American effort there. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide.  For the Colby family, the movie is yet one more turbulent moment stemming from the career of their patriarch, The CIAs 10th director was best known for revealing the family jewels. . Mr. Colby left Saigon and returned to Washington in 1971, in part to care for his eldest daughter, Catherine, who was slowly dying of anorexia nervosa. This interview is from August 8th            Colby, who had had a somewhat unorthodox career in the CIA focused on political action and counterinsurgency, agreed with Schlesinger's reformist approach. Family and friends are welcome to send flowers or leave their condolences on this memorial page and share them with the family. But he was fired as CIA director after advocating a retreat from cloak-and-dagger operations. There were times when, really, I didnt know what role we were playing, Mrs. Colby said in an interview for the film The Man Nobody Knew, a 2011 documentary about her ex-husband and directed by their son Carl Colby. WebFor five years, Nancy Cruzan was kept alive by artificial means, though she showed no signs of recovery from the coma she had been in since the accident. By demanding that understanding, Mr. Colby was "playing a very heavy card, trumping the White House by bringing the American people into the secret world," John Ranelagh wrote in his history of the intelligence service, "The Agency" (Simon & Schuster, 1986).  He was 76. The World War II OSS agent first went to Vietnam in 1956 as a young CIA agent. ``He fought fascism and communism and lived to see democracy take hold in the world., President Clinton said in a statement, ``Through a quarter of a century at the CIA, William Colby played a pivotal role in shaping our nations intelligence community.          [24] He enrolled in Princeton University in 1937 and graduated in 1940 with a liberal education and outlook, a Phi Beta Kappa key, R.O.T.C. She was his little sister. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Colby participated in the National Security Council meetings that responded to apparent Soviet intentions to intervene in the war by raising the alert level of U.S. forces to DEFCON 3 and defusing the crisis. The rest  As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. I asked my mother, What if [others in the family] all object? She said, They can make their own movie, Carl said in an interview.  The journal appeals to readers from a wide variety of disciplines, including American studies, international economics, American history, national security studies, and Latin-American, Asian, African, European, and Middle Eastern studies. John, Michael Collins Piper has some interesting things to say about Colby. For the Colby family, the movie is yet one more turbulent moment stemming from the career of their patriarch, whose CIA directorship in the 1970s is one of the agencys most controversial. "My dad's shoes were off when they found his body, usually a sign of a drowning victim fighting to live," he said. William Edger Colby. Together in this way, he wrote, we did much to shore up my weak cover and convince most people that I was in fact what I said I was  a diplomat.. [16][18] After an autopsy, Maryland's Chief Medical Examiner John E. Smialek ruled his death to be accidental. Then an OSS friend offered him a job at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and Colby accepted. William Colby died in 1996 in an apparent accidental drowning in the Wicomico River in Maryland. He practiced law and advised various bodies on intelligence matters. Summoned to Washington by a Senate committee in 1970, Colby defended the project but conceded there may have been ``some illegal killing.. Carl said he felt that the best person to explain his dad was his mother, who was extensively interviewed in the film.  Some hinted that he was a Soviet agent. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Naturally, the CIA directors death on a canoe ride triggered murder conspiracy theories. Soon, she began courting him. In his memoir, Colby wrote that in his absence, Mrs. Colby faced increasing difficulties, particularly in caring for their daughter Catherine, who suffered from epilepsy and anorexia. Even though the movie shows Bill testifying before Congress, saying that he issued an order against assassination, Paul, the youngest brother, said he still believes the film slams their father as a mass assassin. (In his memoir Honorable Men, Bill wrote that the vast majority of Phoenix deaths occurred in combat actions with Vietnamese and American military forces. Shortly after arriving Colby succeeded Komer as head of the U.S./South Vietnamese rural pacification effort named CORDS. She previously worked for the Outlook and Local Living sections. During a pause in the fighting, and with her husband by then occupied at the embassy, Mrs. Colby escorted her children to a safer location. [14] In a speech from 1973 addressed to NSA employees he emphasised the role of free speech in USA and moral role of CIA as defender, not preventer of civil rights, an attempt to rebut the then emerging revelations of CIA and NSA domestic spying. Mr. Colby, the agency's director of covert operations, was left with a task that violated every precept of a secret agency: compiling a list of the deepest secrets. I preferred the old dad, not the new, he said. When you are distraught, you do unreasonable, illogical things.". Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. When Nixon reshuffled his agency heads and made Schlesinger secretary of defense, Colby emerged as a natural candidate for DCIapparently on the basis of the recommendation that he was a professional who would not make waves. Webapartments in dallas that allow airbnb Uncovering hot babes since 1919. Sally Shelton-Colby needed to watch the documentary with friends, for emotional support. [7][23] In May 2013, Randall B. She also came to realize, after her husband asked her for a divorce, that she didn't know him as well as she thought. It had plotted to assassinate Fidel Castro and other foreign leaders. [21][22] Carl's step-mother and siblings, as well as Colby's biographer Randall Woods, criticized Carl's portrayal of Colby and rejected the allegation that the former CIA director killed himself, saying it was inconsistent with his character. Search the history of over 797 billion It has become familiar to millions through a diverse publishing program that includes scholarly works in all academic disciplines, bibles, music, school and college textbooks, business books, dictionaries and reference books, and academic journals. ", "The more we know about each other the safer we all are." He argued, along with old hawks like former Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara, for deep cuts in nuclear weapons stockpiles. She and other CIA wives modeled their campaign on earlier, more public efforts by former spouses of State Department employees. "The coroner's report listed the cause of death as a drowning, brought on by a stroke or heart attack. Since then, he had promoted a nuclear freeze and big cuts in the military budget. They turned on the radio and danced the jitterbug or waltzed. William E. Colby, 76, Head of C.I.A. His father, a sensitive nonconformist who wrote and taught literature, became a career Army officer. There, he oversaw Operation Phoenix, a program designed to root out Communist Viet Cong agents in South Vietnam and that ultimately killed more than 20,000 Vietnamese. Colby was divorced in 1984 from the former Barbara Heinzen and married Sally Shelton. Colby then worked briefly for the National Labor Relations Board in Washington and signed on with the Central Intelligence Agency. Shelton-Colby was in Houston, visiting her ailing mother. ", For histories on the CIA's role in Vietnam and on the pacification effort more broadly, see foia.cia.gov, For further information on Colby's leadership of the Intelligence Community, see cia.gov, "William E. Colby, 76, Head of C.I.A. The pain and sadness of losing [my father] has now been intensified by my brother Carls inexplicable and unfounded attempt to debase the reputation and memory of a modest and decent man, a dedicated father, and an exemplary public servant., Carl kept the wrenching footage to bolster the films credibility, he said. Carl paints his father as a mysterious family man more occupied with the agencys mission against communism and less concerned about his wife Barbara and their five kids. When Bill's body was found, his wallet contained a photo of Catherine, Carl says. In December 1974, The New York Times reported that the agency had spied on Americans, and Mr. Colby was a source for the article. President Ford, advised by Henry Kissinger and others concerned by Colby's controversial openness to Congress and distance from the White House, replaced Colby late in 1975 with George H. W. Bush during the so-called Halloween Massacre in which Secretary of Defense Schlesinger was also replaced (by Donald Rumsfeld). Carl elaborated on his theory more in the interview, asserting that if his dad suffered a stroke or heart attack while canoeing, he may not have had the will to live. [5] His tenure as DCI, which lasted two and a half tumultuous years, was overshadowed by the Church and Pike congressional investigations into alleged U.S. intelligence malfeasance over the preceding 25 years, including 1975, the so-called Year of Intelligence. The couple met on a blind date and were married shortly after William Colby returned from service in Europe during World War II with the Office of Strategic Services.  did business with the legislative branch in those days. He was born   Mr. Colby "had no choice in 1975 but to cooperate," but the agency's pride, "however based on a fiction, took a blow from which we never recovered," Mr. Gates recounts in his just-published memoir, "From the Shadows," (Simon and Schuster). "[9] In 1962 he returned to Washington to become the deputy and then chief of CIA's Far East Division, succeeding Desmond Fitzgerald, who had been tapped to lead the Agency's efforts against Fidel Castro's Cuba. Carl elaborated on his theory more in the interview, asserting that if his dad suffered a stroke or heart attack while canoeing, "he may not have had the will to live. That year, Bill and Shelton-Colby got married in Italy. The disclosures in 1975, historians believe, saved the CIA from destruction when members of Congress were eager for its death, but they made Colby a pariah to CIA officers who believed such transparency imperiled the agencys mission and national security. During World War II, he parachuted behind enemy lines twice and earned the Silver Star as well as commendations from Norway, France, and Great Britain. The film: The Man Nobody Knew: In Search of My Father, CIA Spymaster William Colby.. [18] Smialek's report said that Colby was predisposed to having a heart attack or stroke due to "severe calcified atherosclerosis" and that Colby likely "suffered a complication of this atherosclerosis which precipitated him into the cold water in a debilitated state and he succumbed to the effects of hypothermia and drowned". Former CIA Director William Colby,    who played a significant role in U.S. Vietnam War policy-making,    was founded dead in 1996,    eight days after going missing on a solo canoe trip near his Maryland home. Colby was known as a media-friendly CIA director. She was 44. [10] The CORDS model and its approach influenced U.S. strategy and thinking on counterinsurgency in the 2000s in Iraq and Afghanistan.[12]. Only when contacted by a Post reporter did family members vent their frustrations about the film. He was CIA station chief in Saigon from 1959-62,    was deputy director of the CORDS program in 1968,    andmost famously (or infamously)ran the controversial Phoenix program in 1969. My dads shoes were off when they found his body, usually a sign of a drowning victim fighting to live, he said. William Colby died in 1996 in an apparent accidental  She said, 'They can make their own movie,'" Carl said in an interview.  Mrs. Colby, 94, died July 16 in Washington. In The Man Nobody Knew, Carl, the narrator, traces his fathers career as an intelligence operative in World War II to his tenure as CIA director. With his Army father, William Colby had a peripatetic upbringing before attending public high school in Burlington, Vermont. I guess I would say he was a complicated person whom maybe I didnt know as well as I would hope to think I did, Mrs. Colby said in her sons documentary. "It's a terrible thing to say, but sometimes I think I would have rather worked for him than be his son," Carl said. She recalled wondering, Who are we tonight?. Now the pressure for a full Congressional investigation grew irresistible. Schlesinger appointed him head of the clandestine branch in early 1973. The couple bonded over their backgrounds in foreign policy. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. Arriving early at the accident scene, Dale Lappin and his father George found that Nancy had been thrown from the car. Although The Man Nobody Knew features an extensive interview with his biological mother, Barbara H. Colby, and more than 30 journalists, ex-CIA officials and other dignitaries, Carl did not ask his three siblings to be interviewed. In recent months, Mr. Colby became senior editor of Strategic Weekly Briefings, a faxed newsletter, and embarked on a quintessential post-cold-war endeavor: marketing a computer CD-ROM game about espionage and counter-terrorism he created with Oleg Kalugin, a former top Soviet intelligence officer. Let me be very blunt, said Shelton-Colby, 67, a foreign policy professor at American University. Mrs. Colby served for many years on the CIAs Family Advisory Board, which represents the interests of agency family members, and in 2002 received the prestigious Directors Award from then-CIA Director George Tenet, recognizing her untiring efforts on the part of former Agency spouses and her constant concern for the welfare of Agency families., In a statement after Mrs. Colbys death, Tenet and his wife, Stephanie Glakas-Tenet, said that CIA Directors came and went, but Barbara was an indispensable foundation, serving the Agency for nearly 60 years.. Colby's time as DCI was also eventful on the world stage. [2][3], Colby was for his entire life a staunch Roman Catholic. Why Was Former CIA Director William Colby Assassinated? This interview is from August 8th 2004.  The Colby family is bothered by the films suggestion that Bill killed himself because he felt guilty for not doing more to comfort his eldest daughter, Catherine Colby,  Sally Shelton-Colby, William Colby's second wife and a foreign policy professor at American University, is unhappy with the way her late husband is portrayed in her stepson's film. In the 1980's, he began speaking out against the nuclear arms race. But she does not share her sons degree of bitterness. Web william colby daughter death. He then attended Princeton University and graduated with an A.B. Web william colby daughter death. Barbara H. Colby and her husband, William Colby, with their daughter Catherine, left, and their sons Carl and Jonathan. [1] [2] [3] [4] Early life [ edit] The CIA women worked behind the scenes, as not to out the spouses still employed there. The Charles County Sheriff's office said Mr. Colby's body was found today, nine days after he set out for a solo canoe trip from his weekend home in Rock Point, Md., not far from where his canoe washed up on the shore of the Wicomico River about a quarter-mile from his house. And all she said to me was, We both loved him., 11 arrested as Occupy D.C. supporters claim vacant downtown school, Va. parish decides to stop training girls as altar servers, D.C. man convicted in attack on transgender woman. What do they mean to you?.   Mrs. Colby, 94, died July 16 in Washington. Christine Colby Giraudo of northwest Washington declined to be interviewed. Conceived by the White House and supported by the C.I.A., that program sought to expose Vietcong agents working in South Vietnam. ", Carl kept the wrenching footage to bolster the film's credibility, he said. More than one interlocutor noted that when asked a question he did not care to answer, he would tilt back his head so light reflected off the lenses of his glasses, turning his eyes into blank white disks. He fit this published description: ``Mr. Colby never seems to have a hair or an emotion out of place., Even Colby said, in his 1978 memoir, that he was ``the traditional gray man, so inconspicuous that he can never catch the waiters eye in a restaurant.. Though the topic remains open and controversial, some recent scholarship, including by Lewis "Bob" Sorley, supports Colby's arguments. During this period he also wrote two books, both of which were memoirs of his professional life combined with discussions of history and policy.          William E. Colby was a member of the National Coalition to Ban Handguns. The worst thing I could have done was to sugarcoat my father and paint things as rosy., Ultimately, the movie reveals Carls ambivalence about his dad. This transformation began on April 27, 1973, 12 days before Mr. Colby learned that President Richard M. Nixon, then deeply enmeshed in the Watergate scandal, was about to nominate him as Director of Central Intelligence. He was given the Outstanding Achievement Award (Young Male Filmmaker) for his six-min Building trust: Jason Wallaces Strange Brew Pub welcomes all kinds. After an autopsy, Maryland's Chief Medical Examiner John E. Smialek ruled his death to be accidental.  But she does not share her son's degree of bitterness. The Cosby Family thanks many people for their  Paul said the Vietnamese prisoner's killing was not part of Phoenix, that his dad wasn't even in Vietnam at the time of the shooting and that the footage is a "total smear of my father. [4] He was often referred to as "the warriorpriest". Colby said later that some of Fords advisers felt ``I was responding too willingly to Congress; I was giving them information when I should have stonewalled them and refused to give them information., The former CIA director maintained that it was necessary to own up about past CIA misdeeds, ``to get rid of them and to demonstrate that CIA, itself, had corrected those a year and a half before.. Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 1973 to 1976, For the first secretary of the Sierra Club, see, (extract concerning Gladio stay-behind operations in Scandinavia). It currently publishes more than 6,000 new publications a year, has offices in around fifty countries, and employs more than 5,500 people worldwide. OUP is the world's largest university press with the widest global presence. In the documentary, Carl Colby said that his mother did everything for the mission., She hadnt signed up for this, he said, But she did it.. But now, "The Man Nobody Knew" has set off a tense division between Carl, his stepmother and his otherwise low-key siblings: Jonathan Colby, 65, a managing director at the Carlyle Group, an investment firm; Paul Colby, 56, a government attorney; and Christine Colby Giraudo, 51, a public relations consultant. "The worst thing I could have done was to sugarcoat my father and paint things as rosy.". The film: The Man Nobody Knew: In Search of My Father, CIA Spymaster William Colby. Its director and narrator: his second-oldest son, Carl Colby. Mr. Colby left Saigon and returned to Washington in 1971, in part to care for his eldest daughter, Catherine, who was slowly dying of anorexia nervosa. This intelligence surprise reportedly affected Colby's credibility with the Nixon administration. In a short email to The Post, she said her recollections of her dad differ from Carl's. He loved music and could play piano, accordion and guitar.  On the other, Carl admired his dad's public service and seems most proud of his disclosures to Congress about the CIA's past misdeeds. ", The Colby family is bothered by the film's suggestion that Bill killed himself because he felt guilty for not doing more to comfort his eldest daughter, Catherine Colby, before her death in 1973 from epilepsy and anorexia. "I asked my mother, 'What if (others in the family) all object?' It would have muddled the story.. She received a bachelors degree in history from Barnard College in New York in 1942 and was an advertising copywriter before marrying. For the Colby family, the movie is yet one more turbulent moment stemming from the career of their patriarch, whose CIA directorship in the 1970s is one of the agency's most controversial. Both Colby and Kalugin played themselves in the game. In April 1996, Bill set off on a worldwide consulting trip. Colby was offered the position of United States Permanent Representative to NATO but turned it down. Their dad's legacy, they said, is something still worth defending. It was when Barbara came up to me, Shelton-Colby remembered. The day after he returned, he went to his Southern Maryland home. The secrets did not keep. In 1992, she received a masters degree in humanities from Georgetown University. After the war he joined the newly created Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Colby served as DCI under President Richard Nixon and President Gerald Ford until January 30, 1976; he was succeeded at the CIA by George H. W. Bush. Only when contacted by a Post reporter did family members vent their frustrations about the film. He enrolled in Columbia University Law School but left after a year to become an army parachutist. One was titled Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA; the other, on Vietnam and his long involvement with American policy there, was called Lost Victory. They are especially upset with the film's suggestion that the former spymaster spent his retirement in deep regret and killed himself on a canoeing trip in the mid-1990s. For nearly four decades, Mrs. Colby lived the life of a CIA wife, performing what another agency spouse once described as the traditional partnership role of two employees for the price of one. , From 1945 until their divorce in 1984, she was the wife of William E. Colby  the spy and later spymaster who, as CIA director from 1973 to 1976, revealed the assassination attempts and other clandestine activities known as the agencys family jewels.. WebSally Angela Shelton-Colby (born August 29, 1944) is an American diplomat.          Smialek's r Mr. Colby spent most of his adult life as a cold warrior in his country's clandestine service, "a soldier-priest," as a colleague called him, on a covert crusade. william colby daughter death. The agency's clandestine officers called the list "the family jewels," or "the skeletons." This is a digitized version of an article from The Timess print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection.          He made tough decisions when necessary _ and he was always guided by the core values of the country he loved., CIA Director John Deutch said, ``He faced up to severe challenges with openness and integrity., Colby was perfectly cast as a spy: colorless, soft-spoken, precise and thin. . Or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on.  Trivia (1) Daughter of  He feels his father left his wife isolated and eschewed real father-son bonds. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Carl didnt know his father. Shelton-Colby, a former U.S. ambassador, was disturbed by her stepsons take on her dead husband, and, as it turns out, so is the rest of the Washington-based Colby clan. The new documentary,    The Man Nobody Knew ,    produced by the spymasters son Carl Colby,    looks at the odd circumstances surrounding his fathers death,    as well as his long career in intelligence. They were later  During these years Colby was deeply involved in Washington's policies in East Asia, particularly with respect to Vietnam, as well as Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and China. Shes just a coda.. Mrs. Colby was born Barbara Ann Heinzen in Springfield, Ohio, on Dec. 25, 1920. For these missions, he earned the Silver Star and the French Croix de Guerre. Its a terrible thing to say, but sometimes I think I would have rather worked for him than be his son, Carl said. In the film, Carl wonders whether his friends were right when they called his dad a "murderer" for running the notorious Phoenix Program - a CIA operation in the Vietnam War sought to ferret out Viet Cong agents in South Vietnam. The CIAs 10th director was best known for revealing the family jewels  a compilation of the agencys assassination attempts, drug testing on unwitting humans and eavesdropping on war protesters. In an interview, Jonathan Colby, who lives in Chevy Chase, Md., said he does not understand why Carl implies that his dad committed suicide. ), Paul, who lives in Alexandria, Va., also hates how the movie splices images of their dad with violent archival footage - rows of Vietnamese corpses and a notorious clip of a Vietnamese prisoner being shot in the head. As the confirmation hearings convened in July 1973, antiwar protesters plastered Washington with wanted posters emblazoned with Mr. Colby's face, a skull and crossbones and the ace of spades, a symbol of death, his home telephone, which he insisted remain listed, rang with angry calls throughout the night. On April 27, 1996, Colby set out from his weekend home in Rock Point, Maryland, on a solo canoe trip. I think he'd had enough of this life.". Carl says in the movie that two weeks before the canoe trip his dad called him "seeking absolution for his not doing enough when Catherine was so ill.". Colby was dismissed as CIA director 20 years ago, after 3 1/2 years, by President Ford. Press Release: In consonance with his long-held liberal views, Colby became a supporter of the nuclear freeze and of reductions in military spending. Elbridge's father, Charles Colby, had been a professor of chemistry at Columbia University but had died prematurely, leaving his family largely without money. 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